Hydrogencarbonat / KH-plus

The carbonate is the most important buffering system in the aquarium. If sufficient carbonate hardness (alkalinity) is present, addition of acid or base will not change the pH of the aquarium water significantly - the pH remains almost constant. Acid is formed for example by nitrification and sulfur-based denitrification or is released by CO₂ driven calcium reactors. If the acid production is not buffered, the pH quickly falls into a poor or even life-threatening range for aquarium organisms. 

The carbonate hardness in freshwater community tank should be about 2-4° KH (0.7-1,4 mmol/l). In pure breeding tanks the water should be very soft (<1°KH). Fishes from lake Malawi and Tanganjika feel well at 5-10° KH (1.8-3.6 mmol/l). 
In sea water aquarium alkalinity should not be less than 7-8° KH (2.5-2.9 mmol/l) - at KH 8-10° KH (2.9-3.6 mmol/l) you achieve better results.

Our recommendation is a maximum change of the alkalinity of 1-2° KH (0.4-0.7 mmol/l) week.
Test the hardness value (alkalinity) regularly.
The monitoring of alkalinity is as important as the temperature and salinity!

Which product for which aquarium?	KH-plus	KH-plus 5fold Concentrate	Super- Buffer	Technique
Nano aquarium		-
Small aquarium with maximum 250 litres (65 USgal)		-
Medium aquarium with maximum 750 litres (200 USgal) with low needs (less corals)		-
Medium and large aquarium		-
Automatically dosing		-
Fresh Water		-